Understanding Ringworm Disease: How fungal infection evolves in the skin

Ringworm disease, despite its misleading name, isn’t caused by a worm but by a group of fungi known as dermatophytes. This common skin infection formally referred to as dermatophytosis, occurs when these fungi, which thrive on keratin—a protein found in skin, hair, and nails—invade the body.

Hello, I am Dr. Karm Patel, a dermatologist with expertise in diagnosing and treating ringworm infections. I am passionate about providing care through teledermatology, making it convenient for patients to receive timely and effective treatment from the comfort of their homes. If you’re experiencing symptoms like itching in inner parts or signs of a ringworm infection, consult a dermatologist online at neodermatologist.com. Our certified dermatologists specialize in treating fungal infections and have successfully treated over 15,000 cases.

In this blog, we will explore ringworm symptoms, its common types, ringworm stages, and how it evolves on the skin. Let’s dive in!

What is Ringworm Disease?

Ringworm, or dermatophytosis, is a fungal infection affecting the skin, scalp, or nails. It is highly contagious and can spread through direct contact with an infected person, animal, or contaminated objects like clothing, towels, or bed sheets. Poor hygiene and humid conditions often exacerbate the condition.

Common Types of Ringworm Disease

1. Tinea corporis: Ringworm on the body.

2. Tinea capitis: Ringworm of the scalp, often leading to hair loss.

3. Tinea pedis: Athlete’s foot, affecting the feet.

4. Tinea cruris: Jock itch rash, affecting the groin area.

5. Tinea faciei: Ringworm on glabrous skin of the face (non-bearded areas).

Stages of Ringworm Disease

1. Exposure and Colonization

Ringworm spreads through contact with an infected source. The fungal spores land on the skin and begin to colonise. Factors like trauma, excessive moisture, and skin maceration promote fungal growth.

2. Initial Invasion

Infection occurs when fungal hyphae adhere to the skin and begin invading the outer layer (stratum corneum). The fungi release enzymes that break down keratin and alter skin pH, aiding further infection. At this stage, symptoms may be minimal or absent, making it harder to detect.

3. Inflammation and the Classic Ring

As the fungi spread, the immune system reacts, causing the hallmark ringworm symptoms:

• Ringworm rash: A circular, red rash with a raised, scaly border.

• The centre of the rash may appear clearer, forming a classic "ring."

• Itching and discomfort are common.

In individuals with compromised immunity, such as diabetics, the infection progresses faster and may take longer to resolve.

4. Expansion and Complications

Without treatment, ringworm can spread to other parts of the body and household members. Secondary bacterial infections may also occur. To prevent complications, early diagnosis and treatment are essential.

Ringworm Symptoms in Humans

• Red, circular rashes with raised edges.

• Itchy, scaly patches.

  
  

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